Views: 120 Author: Leapion laser Publish Time: 05-04-2023 Origin: https://www.leapion.com/
Laser cutting principle
Laser cutting replaces mechanical knives with invisible lasers. It has the characteristics of high precision, fast cutting, not limited to cutting patterns, automatic typesetting to save materials, smooth incision, low processing cost, green and pollution-free, etc. Let's take a closer look at the principle of laser cutting.
Laser cutting is achieved by high power density energy generated by laser focusing. Under the control of the computer, the laser is discharged through the pulse to output the controlled repetitive high-frequency pulse laser to form a beam with a certain frequency and a certain pulse width. The pulse laser beam is transmitted and reflected by the optical path and focused on the surface of the processed object, tiny, high-energy-density light spots are formed, melting or vaporizing the processed material at an instantaneous high temperature.
Each high-energy laser pulse instantly sputters a small hole on the surface of the object. Under the control of the computer, the laser processing head and the material to be processed perform continuous relative motion according to the pre-drawn graphics, so that the object will be processed to the desired shapes.
The laser cutter focuses the laser light on the material, heats the material part until it exceeds the melting point, and then blows the molten metal away with the coaxial high-pressure gas or the generated metal vapor pressure, as the light beam moves relatively linearly with the material, the holes are continuously formed into a narrow slit.
The energy will be released when the laser beam irradiates the surface of the metal sheet. And the energy will melt the metal sheet, and the slag will be blown away by the gas. Through the lens and mirror, the laser beam is concentrated in a small area. The high concentration of energy causes the local area to be heated rapidly, causing the sheet metal to melt.
In addition, because the laser emission energy is very concentrated, only a small amount of heat is transferred to other parts of the metal sheet, so there is little deformation of the material. However, the use of laser can also cut the blanks of complex shapes very accurately, and the cut blanks do not need further processing.
Operating steps
1. Firstly, fix the material to be cut on the working table of the laser cutter.
2. Then adjust the equipment parameters according to the material and thickness of the metal sheet.
3. Then select the appropriate lens and nozzle, and check it before starting the machine, you need to check whether it is intact and clean.
4. Then adjust the cutting head to the appropriate focus position according to the cutting thickness and cutting requirements.
5. Select the appropriate cutting gas and check whether the gas ejection state is normal and good.
6. Try to cut the material. After the cutting process, Check whether the cut surface is vertical and rough and whether there are burrs and dross.
7. Analyze the cutting surface and adjust the cutting parameters accordingly until the cutting surface of the sample meets the standard.
8. Carry out the programming of the workpiece drawing and the typesetting of the whole board cutting, and then import it into the cutting software system.
9. Adjust the cutting head and focal length, prepare auxiliary gas and start cutting.
10. Finally, check the sample. If there is any problem, adjust the parameters in time until the cutting meets the process requirements.
Cutting accuracy is the first factor to judge the quality of CNC laser cutting machines. Four factors affect the cutting accuracy of CNC laser cutting machines.
1. The size of the laser condensation of the laser generator. If the light spot is very small after gathering, the cutting precision is very high, and if the gap after cutting is also very small, it shows that the precision of the laser cutting machine is even much higher, and the quality is very high. However, the beam emitted by the laser is cone-shaped, so the slits cut out are also cone-shaped. Under this condition, the greater the thickness of the workpiece, the lower the accuracy, so the larger the kerf.
2. The precision of the workbench. If the precision of the workbench is very high, the precision of cutting will also be improved. Therefore, the accuracy of the workbench is also a very important factor to measure the accuracy of the laser generator.
3. The laser beam is condensed into a cone shape. When cutting, the laser beam is conical downward. At that time, if the thickness of the cut workpiece is very large, the cutting precision will be reduced, and the cut gap will be very large.
4. The types of cutting materials will also affect the accuracy of the laser cutter. Under the same circumstances, the precision of cutting stainless steel and cutting aluminum will be very different, the cutting precision of stainless steel will be higher, and the cutting surface will be smoother.
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