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How to reduce the adverse effects of plasma clouds on the cutting effect during laser cutting?

Views: 28     Author: Site Editor     Publish Time: 09-15-2021      Origin: Site

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When the laser cutting machine cuts metal materials, most of the plasma cloud generated will be blown away by the cutting gas, but the remaining small part will form a plasma cloud. During the use of laser cutting machine, the plasma cloud generated by laser cutting metal materials sometimes affects the cutting effect. Why? What are the adverse effects of plasma cloud on the laser cutting effect? The following Leapion laser shares are as follows:

First of all, let's understand the reasons for the plasma cloud during laser cutting:

Matter in nature has four changing states with increasing temperature: solid state, liquid state, gas state and plasma. The solid, liquid, and gaseous states are collectively referred to as condensed state. Plasma is an ionized gas composed of a large number of free electrons and ions. The positive and negative charges carried by ions and free electrons generally cancel each other out, and the overall appearance is approximately neutral.

 

According to the degree of gas ionization, plasma is divided into fully ionized high temperature plasma and partially ionized plasma.

The plasma generated by laser cutting processing irradiation is called photo-induced plasma.

 

In the process of laser cutting metal, the power density of the incident laser is different, and the changes on the surface of the metal material are also different. Generally speaking, when the laser power density on the surface of the metal material reaches the order of 10MW/cm², the surface of the metal material will quickly heat up to the boiling point of the material, and it will be strongly vaporized into metal vapor.

 

When the laser power density on the surface of the metal material exceeds the order of 100MW/cm², the metal vapor that is not discharged in time will be reheated by the laser energy to form a plasma cloud.

 

Most of the plasma cloud generated by laser cutting metal materials will be blown away by the cutting gas, and the remaining small part will form a plasma cloud. This part of the plasma cloud will affect the cutting effect of the metal.

 

For example: the 2000W laser widely used in the market, if it is used with a 100/125 (collimator focal length/focus lens focal length) cutting head, as shown in Table 1, when the core diameter of the pigtail is less than 40μm, the zero focal point The average power density of the light spot will reach the order of 100MW/cm², especially when cutting thin metal plates, it is easier to generate plasma clouds.

The plasma cloud in the laser cutting process has the following adverse effects on the cutting effect:

 

1. The plasma cloud will stay on the surface of the metal material, hinder the transmission of laser energy and reduce the cutting speed.

2. The plasma cloud staying under the nozzle will not only change the capacitive medium between the nozzle and the metal material, but also heat the nozzle, affect its capacitance performance parameters, interfere with the detection results of the capacitive height controller, and reduce the follow-up The precision of the control directly affects the cutting effect.

 

It is worth noting that: higher beam quality (generally corresponding to a thinner pigtail core diameter), higher output power, the average power density of the spot at zero focus will be higher and higher, and it is easier to cut thin metal plates Generate a plasma cloud.

 

So, how to reduce the adverse effects of plasma cloud clusters on laser cutting? We will continue to share with you tomorrow. For more professional questions about laser cutting machines, please consult Leapion Laser.



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