What are the differences and similarities between the water jet and laser cutting methods?

If you want to cut the material, there are many ways to achieve it, using sawing, as well as air cutting, etc., can realize the cutting of various materials.

But these cutting methods are not perfect, so waterjet cutting and laser cutting were invented later, which are also widely used cutting methods. It turns out that these two methods are also the most effective cutting solutions in the industry.

But people have not stopped looking for better cutting methods, such as the processing of some precision metal parts, or the cutting of some new materials. It is necessary to find new cutting methods, and then develop a unique waterjet laser cutting technology.

First, let's take a look at the differences and similarities between the waterjet and laser cutting methods.

1.Definition

The water jet is to use water as a knife. The water is pressurized to ultra-high pressure in the container, and then a high-pressure water stream is injected through a very small nozzle to realize the cutting of the material; in order to increase the cutting ability, some garnet sand will be used. Adding abrasives such as diamond to water is a widely used cutting method now.

Laser cutting is to create a high-power laser beam through a machine, and then irradiate the material to be cut. The high temperature generated by the laser will melt or vaporize the irradiated material, thereby realizing the cutting of the material.

2.Cut material

Water jet, there are almost no restrictions on the material that can be cut, and the material will not generate heat during water jet cutting, thereby avoiding the melting, warping, bending, burning and other phenomena of the material being cut; common material types for water jet cutting Including plastic, rubber, stone, ceramic tile, stainless steel, and other metals.

Lasers, lasers can cut a wider range of metals, including stainless steel and carbon steel, as well as aluminum and a variety of alloys. Some lasers can cut through non-conductive materials such as wood, glass or plastic, but the heat generated by the laser can affect some Metal products have an impact.

3. The thickness of the cut

Water jet: There is no limit to the thickness of the waterjet cutting material. The main thing depends on the strength of the water jet. The higher the pressure, the thicker the material can be cut.

Laser: In a general mechanical workshop, most lasers can cut metal of about 2 cm, but the thickness of the cutting material also varies according to the metal. The melting point and thermal conductivity of the metal will affect the thickness of laser cutting; the advantages of laser cutting machines The reason is that it can cut thinner materials at much higher speeds than water jets.4

Cutting precision and quality

Water jet: The cutting width of the water jet is about 0.7 mm, and the cutting surface is very thin. In some cases, it almost reaches the quality of the machine, but there will be some errors from the top to the bottom of the slit. The thicker the material, the error will be Bigger.

Laser: The cutting error of laser is much smaller than that of waterjet. When cutting tight geometric shapes on small parts or when parts need to be nested tightly together, laser cutting can be achieved, and laser cutting can cut the surface of the profile. It is cleaner and smoother, but it will leave some streaks as the thickness or speed increases.

5. Comparison summary

Waterjet: Waterjet cutting is a precise and versatile cutting method that can cut a wide range of materials and thicknesses. Although the speed of waterjet is not as fast as laser in some materials, it can provide high cutting quality. There is no heat that affects the material.

Laser: Laser cutting is very fast and accurate, but it depends on the material and thickness. In general, the speed and accuracy of the laser are very high. For thicker materials or materials that will be affected by heat, it is best to find another cutting method.

Water jet laser cutting

With the emergence of new materials such as carbon fiber reinforced polymers and ceramic matrix composites, the machining of these new materials has become a problem.

Both water jet and laser cutting have some shortcomings. In order to meet this challenge, water jet laser cutting technology has been developed to process such advanced composite materials.

Water jet laser cutting is a hybrid processing method, also known as laser micro jet. It combines the laser with "fine" water jets, and the water jets (water jets) are accurately guided by a method similar to conventional optical fibers. The laser beam thus realizes the cutting, and the water jet continuously cools the cutting area and effectively removes the debris generated during cutting.

This technology was first applied to semiconductor wafer cutting. As the technology matures, it is gradually extended to medical equipment, watch processing, gas and jet engine turbine blades, semiconductor equipment machining, and material cutting in the manufacturing process of superhard tools. .

After the laser is focused, it will form a laser beam. When passing through the pressurized water cavity, it will push the water forward and focus into the nozzle. Finally, the laser beam will be emitted from the nozzle together with the water stream.

There is no abrasive in this water stream, so the cutting is mainly based on laser. The function of water is to use the water column to guide the laser to not disperse, gather the laser energy to cut faster, and also has the effect of cooling and removing debris.

From the nozzle to the cutting work piece, the laser beam will not be scattered, but will continue to reflect in the water column. It is similar to optical fiber transmission in principle. The laser beam can be guided at a distance of up to 10cm to achieve a neat Cut seams without refocusing or distance control.

Water jet laser cutting can obtain very high cutting quality, no thermal damage to the material, no burning or thermal degradation, fewer burrs, smoother surface, and straight edge cutting with higher precision, which helps to maintain the high precision of the aperture. Advantages, and the water jet can continuously cool the cutting area, and can effectively remove the debris generated during cutting.

For processors, water jet laser cutting can have a faster production speed, a wider range of processing materials, higher reliability and higher cutting quality, and lower cutting costs.

With the emergence of more new materials, all these characteristics of water jet laser cutting will also be more widely used.